the evidence from the hearsay is so unconvincing that given its importance a conviction would be unsafe

Ingersoll GL, Kirsch JC, Merk SE, Lightfoot J. Relationship of organizational culture and readiness for change to employee commitment to the organization. J Nurs Adm. 2000;30(1):11–20.test involves consideration of normal steps taken to secure attendance of W, and cost is a relevant factor

Where evidence is admitted as hearsay, the court will have to consider what weight is to be given to the evidence and any jury will be directed to take account of the fact that the witness' evidence cannot be challenged by cross examination. If the information is multiple hearsay then each person passing it on also received it in the course of their occupation, or as the holder of a paid or unpaid office: Section 117(2). Haines KJ, Kelly P, Fitzgerald P, Skinner EH, Iwashyna TJ. The untapped potential of patient and family engagement in the organization of critical care. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(5):899–906.

Either of the statements is admissible under section 117 (business documents), section 119 (inconsistent statements) or section 120 (other previous statements); or The evidence was adduced to show the fact that offers had been made, not the truth of what was offered. be reasonably open to the interpretation of having been made in furtherance of the alleged agreement; and Cheater F, Baker R, Gillies C, Hearnshaw H, Flottorp S, Robertson N, et al. Tailored interventions to overcome identified barriers to change: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005470.

Although not proceedings "in relation to which the strict rules of evidence apply" in proceedings under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 where the admissibility of a statement or the weight to be attached to it are of importance and seriously disputed, the court may be assisted by considering the factors referred to section 114(2) CJA as well as section 116. Whatever the reason for the absence of the witness, evidence relevant to the credibility or consistency of the maker of the statement may be admitted even where the evidence would not have been admissible had the witness given evidence in person. there must be some further evidence apart from those words to prove that the other defendant (against whom they are to be used in evidence) was a party to the common enterprise: ( R v A Ltd, X, Y [2017] 1 Cr App R 1). Whatever the reason for the absence of the witness, the statement of a witness who is both absent and anonymous will not be admissible under section 116 CJA.

Although admissibility is generally automatic, there is limited discretion under Section 117(7) given to the court to exclude evidence if satisfied that the statement's reliability is doubtful in view of: Hearsay" means a "statement not made in oral evidence that is evidence of any matter stated." (Section 114(1) CJA 2003).

Sarkies MN, Bowles K-A, Skinner EH, Haas R, Mitchell D, O'Brien L, et al. Do daily ward interviews improve measurement of hospital quality and safety indicators? A prospective observational study. J Eval Clin Pract . 2016;(5):792–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12543. The primary statute which provides for the admissibility of hearsay is the CJA 2003 itself. However, some other statutory exceptions remain in force. The most commonly used examples of these include: The last reason (in fear) cannot be used unless 1. the court considers that it is in the interests of justice to admit the statement and 2. the fear has not been provoked by the party seeking to adduce the evidence in question. In determining whether it is in the interests of justice to admit it, the court must have regard to any relevant circumstances including the statement's contents, the risk of unfairness and the availability of special measures ( section 116(4) CJA.) In Rv Riat [2012] EWCA 1509 the Court of Appeal emphasised the need for the judge to ensure that evidence of fear was rigorously tested and that all possibilities for the witness giving oral evidence were investigated. Grol R, Wensing M. What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence-based practice. Med J Aust. 2004;180(6 Suppl):S57. Jette DU, Bacon K, Batty C, Carlson M, Ferland A, Hemingway RD, Hill JC, Ogilvie L, Volk D. Evidence-based practice: beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of physical therapists. Phys Ther. 2003;83(9):786–805.Holland AE. Physiotherapy management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Phys. 2014;60(4):181–8.